Sunday, December 29, 2019

Workplace Disputes And The Workplace Dispute - 1151 Words

Human resources management relies upon employees and employers working concurrently. However in many cases this is hard to create, this is a factor leading to workplace disputes. Workplace disputes are conflict which occurs within the workplace. They can be a result of relationships or clashes in opinions on certain tasks. Indicators are used to measure the results of workplace disputes, these indicate the factors creating disputes. They include: corporate culture - how well a workforce treats one another, benchmarking key variables - whether staff are motivated to reach these benchmarks, staff turnover - the amount of separation of employees is occurring, absenteeism - how frequently staff are taking days off, accidents - how people react†¦show more content†¦These companies have been affected by workplace disputes and have been forced to resolve these using different strategies. (Australia Post promotes the strategies of grievance procedures, negotiation, mediation and conciliation as a means of resolving disputes in their Enterprise Bargaining Agreement) (AUS Post EBA). This is most likely as a result of the expensive process of courts and tribunals. One such workplace dispute was seen between Australia Post and many of their licensees within the Licensed Post Office (LPO) Group - of which licensees belonging to Australia Post who are essentially independent small business owners operate under the entity of Australia Post. The LPO group had been dissatisfied with the neglection of increase in commission payments over many years from Australia Post, as a result they decided to approach Australia Post. This is an example of a remuneration dispute. Due to the overall commitment from licensees, the LPO group believed that going above alternative dispute resolution was the best means for a solution. Thus seeing the matter being heard at the senate - (which can recommend changes or amend proposed laws) (APH). The LPO group claimed that licensees payments were not currently fair or reasonable. The senate committee announced their recommendations on the 3rd of March 2015. (The 18 recommendations were

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Some Terms of Healthcare Information Systems - 951 Words

Health Care Information Systems Terms Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted August 21, 1996 by President Bill Clinton. This Act provides healthcare for workers when they leave one employer to join another in addition to regulating healthcare providers and the plans they provide to consumers and businesses. This Act was revolutionary at the time as it confronted the issue of pre-existing conditions. HIPAA compliance is often found in the hospital administration and admitting areas of a medical facility, as this Act is designed to protect the rights of patients before, during and after treatment (Saleem, Jones, Hien, Moses, 2006) Electronic medical record Often referred to by its acronym EMR, an electronic medial record is a patients diagnosis and treatment history and is governed in sue by the HIPAA Act (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009). An EMR is often indexed through both department-based and hospital-wide medical systems, and are created using a relational database structure for ease of retrieval and analysis (Saleem, Jones, Hien, Moses, 2006). Electronic health record The methodologies and frameworks designed to capture health data and incorporate it into an Electronic Health Record (EHR) continued to mature rapidly given advances in database and Web development technologies (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009). An EHR will often be used throughout each stage of a patients; treatmentShow MoreRelatedMedical Professionals Should Always Value A Patient s Ethical Right833 Words   |  4 Pageslaw, there are still concerns with the protection of patient privacy; therefore, healthcare professionals must confront the growing technological environment and find ways to increase access security, as well as discipline employees that violate a patient’s privacy. Electronic health records can be beneficial to providers from a cost and efficiency standpoint, but are patients really better off with a paperless system?5 Privacy relates to people; confidentiality relates to data. A patient has a rightRead MoreAdoption Of Information Technology On Healthcare1103 Words   |  5 PagesAdoption of Information Technology in Healthcare Anusha Rayapati National University Adoption of Information Technology in Healthcare This article explains the importance of adopting the Information Technology in healthcare industry. This article also discusses about the transformations that information technology can bring to the healthcare industry and potential cost effectiveness and safety benefits. I selected this article as information technology is very important in healthcare Purpose Read MoreA Report On A Hospital Information System1599 Words   |  7 PagesHospital Information System (HIS) refers to the information system used in hospitals for efficiently managing a huge data generated all-round the year. It deals with monitoring of the health status, provision of different services, drug stocks and consumption patterns, equipment status and availability, Finances and revenue management. Thus, a HIS can be installed in order to manage any of these. These systems help the hospitals in keeping an accurate, relevant and up to date information from variousRead MoreHealth Information Technology1521 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Health Information Technology (ONC) has funded this program to find breakthrough innovations in the field of Health Information Technology (IT). This research program was awarded $60 million and this program is divided into four focus areas. 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Therefore, there has been a widespread use of HIT to improve quality of care, reducing medical errors, and advancing to patient-centric care. However, these technological advancements are putting a risk at the shared patient health information (PHI)Read MoreOrganization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology1319 Words   |  6 PagesManagement, and Information Technology The successful implementation and subsequent meaningful use of information technology solutions within a health care organization is a challenging and iterative process. The organization must engage in careful and ongoing strategic and tactical planning to ensure that the implemented technology will ultimately be effective and beneficial for its practitioners, staff, and patients. To prepare for this Application Assignment, review the information presented inRead MoreA Brief Note On Germanys Health Care System1228 Words   |  5 PagesYears of Healthcare: Germany’s Health Care System As nations across the globe begin to implement national healthcare systems to cover all citizens, many look to the oldest national healthcare system in the world for guidance. Developed in 1883 by Chancellor Otto von Bismark, Germany instituted the first social health system nearly 150 years ago (Armstrong, 147). Throughout its 150 years, the system has changed drastically due to modernization and privatization, increased costs within healthcare, andRead MoreRole Of A Game Changer And Public Health Management1410 Words   |  6 Pagesin the healthcare sector is also witnessed. Internet of Things (IoT) plays the role of a game changer and brings revolution in the healthcare sector. It comprises of a set of technologies which make it possible to interact and communicate with an extensive range of appliances, devices, and objects through networking technologies. It is devoted to the assessment of healthcare, which comprises patient monitoring, detection of a situation where medical in terventions are required .Healthcare sector goes

Friday, December 13, 2019

Healthy Lifestyle Free Essays

healthy lifestyle Hi guys. For this topic, I want to start my entry with one question ? Do you want healthy lifestyle? I’m very sure that all of us want to live a healthy lifestyle. Same with me. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are so many ways that we can do to make sure we manage to have a healthy lifestyle. You can start with make sure that you drink at least 8 glass of plain water throughout the whole day. This is very important because water will help to boosting your energy and help to clean the whole system in our body. Besides that, you should have healthy eating habits. You have to make sure that everyday you must have a balance meal. Its mean that you must eat meal that provide you with all the vitamins and the mineral that you must have. Its include carbohydrate, protein and many more. You also should add more fruits and vegetables to your  meal because this two food are very good for your health. Many people do not know benefits that they can get from eating more fruits and vegetables. Other than that, you also must avoid from taking food that contains high calories, fat, preservatives and also sugar. This kind of food will bring many health problems to our body like high blood pressure and also diabetes. Besides having healthy eating habits, we have to make a commitment to ourselves to do exercise and you have to make sure its continue and do not stop there. Maybe you can start with jogging or walking at least twice per week or go to the gym. You should discipline yourself to follow and stick with your exercise schedule. There are thousand of ways that you can do to achieve a healthy lifestyle  and you should remember that creating a healthy lifestyle cannot be done by drastic changes like not eating, but you must done it in simple step first and try to add in the step one by one. So you have to choose which way are more suitable for you and make sure you build a commitment to have a healthy lifestyle. Public Speaking Text: How To Lead A Healthy Life * I recently participated in a public speaking competition and this is the text of the speech. Thank you to the Master of Ceremony. Friends, let us ponder for a moment about some of these   startling statistics. These statistics are by no means exclusive to Malaysia but is a worldwide phenomenon. In 2010, the obesity rate in Malaysia was 26. 5%. In 2011, it shot up even higher to 28%. So after 28%, does it mean that in 2020, where our country will be a fully-developed nation, the rate would correspondingly be 41. 5%? Or in 2050, it will be 86. 5%? Being of normal weight would be at that time an endangered species then. Think about it. How are we going to prevent this? A very good morning to the honorable judges, teachers and my fellow friends. My name is Dhanvin Kumar Lal Asokan and I am standing here today to deliver a speech entitled â€Å"How To Lead A Healthy Life†. I do not profess to expert on this subject, but I will try to shed some light on this matter. What is healthy living? According to Webster Dictionary, healthy living is living a life without having to worry about diseases and body size. To obtain healthy living is not easy. We have to work hard to get it. There are several ways one can lead a healthy life. Among the ways are having a proper diet, having enough sleep, having enough exercise and also a proper time management. So before I go on, let us see the ways to get a proper diet. Our diet should follow the food pyramid. We should eat sufficient carbohydrates such as rice, bread and noodles. We must eat plenty of vitamins such as fruits and vegetables. We should also eat proteins such as fish, meat and chicken, but in moderation. We shouldn’t eat fatty and greasy foods such as junk food, butter and margarine. If we follow this diet effectively, we will get a lot of good and rewarding benefits. Another way that we should practice is eating at the right time. How many of us have breakfast in the morning? Not many, right as we are all too busy trying to make it to school on time? This is wrong because breakfast gives us energy to start a fresh day. If we do not have breakfast in the morning, we will feel very tired and sleepy. In fact, some cultures advocate breakfast as the most important meal of the day. Without a proper breakfast, our concentration span will also reduce, thus making us unable to comprehend what is taught in class. We should get enough sleep every day. I am not hinting to my friends to take forty winks when they are in class. An average child needs at least 8 hours of sleep. For example, if we wake up at 6am, we should sleep at 10pm every night. What will happen if we do not get enough sleep? Well, for sure we will feel very sleepy and unable to comprehend what is taught in class, thus making us to lose out. We ust get enough exercise time every day. How many of us exercise every day? I am afraid to admit that I am also one of the guilty ones who fall in this category. We should exercise because when we sweat, the fats in our bodies will break. If we do not exercise, we will become obese and this may lead to various lifestyle diseases such as heart attack and diabetes. Our exercise routi ne should consist of a variety of activities such as running, games like football and basketball and also physical exercise such as tennis and swimming so that we don’t get bored with the same activities. Make sure you exercise and don’t say â€Å"I have exercised! when you actually haven’t. Lifestyle diseases are one of the easily preventable diseases which have overtaken other communicable diseases like malaria and dengue. We should also manage our time properly. Preparing a timetable and adhering to it strictly is the best way we can manage our time. If we do not have a timetable, we will feel stressed and unable to do our activities effectively because we will be rushing to do them. Plan your activities well so that it does not clash with your daily routine. If you follow my suggestions to lead a healthy life, I am sure we can build a healthier Malaysia. Thank you for lending me your ears. Health and   Ã‚  Healthy lifestyle Nowadays our life is getting more and  more tense. Peoplelive under the press  of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. They constantly suffer fromstress, noise and dust in big cities, diseases and instability. A person should be strong and healthy  in order to overcome  all difficulties. To achieve  this aim people ought to take care of their physical and mental health. There are several ways to do it. 1. The state of your body  depends on  how much time you spend doing sports. Sport is  probably  as old as  the humanity itself. It has been developing with the development and  growth  of the mankind. People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. Sport not only helps people to become strong and to develop physically but also makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities. It makes for a healthy mind in a healthy body. Sport helps people to keep in good health. We all need to exercise. Even if you don’t plan to make a career in sport you still have to practise. Regular exercises give you more energy. That is why  many people who suffer fromgeneral tiredness  should take more exercise than more rest. Exercise makes you feel and look better. The most healthy kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling. 2. Healthy food is also a very important factor. Overeating  causes  many dangerous  diseases. The daily menu should  include  meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc. On the other hand , Diets may  be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way. 3. To be healthy, people should  get rid of  their bad habits. It’s necessary  to stop smoking and drinking much. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain. Besides,according to  statistics most of crimes  are  committed  by people under the  influence  of drugs and alcohol. 4. In addition, it is recommended to watch TV less,  avoid anxiety  and observe daily routine. Certainly  it’s hard to follow all these recommendations, but every person has to choose between healthy life style and numerous illnesses. You hear a lot about living a healthy lifestyle, but what does that mean? In general, a healthy person doesn’t smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. Sounds simple, doesn’t it? The trick to healthy living is making small changes†¦ aking more steps, adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water†¦ these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic changes. Exercise One of the biggest problems in America today is lack of activity. We know it’s good for us but avoid it like the plague either because we’re used to being sedent ary or afraid that exercise has to be vigorous to be worth our time. The truth is, movement is movement and the more you do, the healthier you’ll be. Even moderate activities like chores, gardening and walking can make a difference. Just adding a little movement to your life can: Reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes * Improve joint stability * Increase and improve range of movement * Help maintain flexibility as you age * Maintain bone mass * Prevent osteoporosis and fractures * Improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression * Enhance self esteem * Improve memory in elderly people * Reduce stress So, even if you opt for small changes and a more modest weight loss, you can see the benefits are still pretty good. One study has found that just a 10% weight reduction helped obese patients reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and increase  longevity. Simple Ways to Move Your Body You can start the process of weight loss now by adding a little more activity to your life. If you’re not ready for a structured program, start small. Every little bit counts and it all adds up to burning more calories. * Turn off the TV. Once a week, turn off the TV and do something a little more physical with your family. Play games, take a walk†¦ almost anything will be more active than sitting on the couch. * Walk more. Look for small ways to walk more. When you get the mail, take a walk around the block, take the dog for an extra outing each day or walk on your treadmill for 5 minutes before getting ready for work. * Do some chores. Shoveling snow, working in the garden, raking leaves, sweeping the floor†¦ these kinds of activities may not be ‘vigorous’ exercise, but they can keep you moving while getting your house in order. * Pace while you talk. When you’re on the phone, pace around or even do some cleaning while gabbing. This is a great way to stay moving while doing something you enjoy. * Be aware. Make a list of all the physical activities you do on a typical day. If you find that the bulk of your time is spent sitting, make another list of all the ways you could move more–getting up each hour to stretch or walk, walk the stairs at work, etc. Learn about more ways to  fit in exercise. Eating Well Eating a healthy diet is another part of the healthy lifestyle. Not only can a clean diet help with weight management, it can also improve your health and quality of life as you get older. You can use the new  MyPlate  to determine how many calories you need and what food groups you should focus on or, if you’re looking for smaller changes, you can use these tips for simple ways to change how you eat: * Eat more fruit. Add it to your cereal, your salads or even your  dinners * Sneak in more veggies. Add them wherever you can–a tomato on your sandwich, peppers on your pizza, or extra veggies in your pasta sauce. Keep pre-cut or canned/frozen veggies ready for quick snacks. * Switch your salad dressing. If you eat full-fat dressing, switch to something lighter and you’ll automatically eat less calories. * Eat low-fat or fat-free dairy. Switching to skim milk or fat free yogurt is another simple way to eat less calories without having to change too much in your diet. * Make some substitutes. Look through your cabinets or fridge and pick 3 foods you eat every day. Write down the nutritional content and, the next time you’re at the store, find lower-calorie substitutes for just those 3 items. Find more ideas for healthy foods with this  Healthy Foods Grocery List. Creating a healthy lifestyle doesn’t have to mean drastic changes. In fact, drastic changes almost always lead to failure. Making small changes in how you live each day can lead to big rewards, so figure out what you can to be healthy today. How to cite Healthy Lifestyle, Papers Healthy Lifestyle Free Essays Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics Among Adults in the United States, 2000 Mathew J. Reeves, PhD; Ann P. Rafferty, PhD Background: Many public health recommendations and clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of healthy lifestyles. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate that following a healthy lifestyle has substantial health benefits. The objectives of this study were to report on the prevalence of healthy lifestyle characteristics (HLCs) and to generate a single indicator of a healthy lifestyle. Methods: National data for the year 2000 were ob- port prevalences of each HLC and the indicator by major demographic subgroups. Results: By using data from more than 153 000 adults, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) of the individual HLCs was as follows: nonsmoking, 76. 0% (75. 6%76. 4%); healthy weight, 40. 1% (39. 7%-40. 5%); 5 fruits and vegetables per day, 23. 3% (22. 9%-23. 7%); and regular physical activity, 22. 2% (21. 8%-22. 6%). The overall prevalence of the healthy lifestyle indicator (ie, having all 4 HLCs) was only 3. % (95% confidence interval, 2. 8%-3. 2%), with little variation among subgroups (range, 0. 8%-5. 7%). Conclusion: These data illustrate that a healthy lifestyle— tained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which consists of annual, statewide, random digit– dialed household telephone surveys. We defined the following 4 HLCs: nonsmoking, healthy weight (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the squa re of height in meters] of 18. 5-25. ), consuming 5 or more fruits and vegetables per day, and regular physical activity ( 30 minutes for 5 times per week). The 4 HLCs were summed to create a healthy lifestyle index (range, 0-4), and the pattern of following all 4 HLCs was defined as a single healthy lifestyle indicator. We re- defined as a combination of 4 HLCs—was undertaken by very few adults in the United States, and that no subgroup followed this combination to a level remotely consistent with clinical or public health recommendations. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:854-857 style. 5,16 For example, the Nurses’ Health Study found that the risk of coronary heart disease15 and type 2 diabetes mellitus16 was reduced 5- and 10-fold, respectively, among those who engaged in 5 modifiable healthy behaviors. However, only 3% of the nurses actually engaged in this lifestyle. We chose to estimate the prevalence of 4 healthy lifestyle characteristics (HLCs) (ie, nonsmoking, healthy weight, fruit and vegetable consumption, and leisure time physical activity [LTPA]) using a nationally representative sample of US adults, and to generate a single indicator of a healthy lifestyle defined by undertaking all 4 HLCs. METHODS The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is composed of annual, statewide, random digit–dialed household telephone surveys of adults. 17,18 We pooled the 2000 BRFSS responses from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and restricted the sample to respondents aged 18 to 74 years. The median Author Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (Dr Reeves); and Bureau of Epidemiology, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing (Dr Rafferty). Financial Disclosure: None. N THE UNITED STATES AND worldwide, chronic diseases account for the greatest overall population disease burden in terms of mortality, morbidity, and decreased quality of life. 1 Most people with major chronic diseases share multiple common lifestyle characteristics or behaviors, particularly smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity. 2 Tobacco, poor diet, and physical inactivity have been identified as leading contributors to overall mortality in the United States. The public health importance of these lifestyle characteristics can also be gauged by their inclusion in major public health reports on smoking,4,5 physical activity,6 and diet,7 and in clinical guidelines concerning blood pressure, 8 cholesterol, 9 and obesity, 10 which all emphasize lifestyle modification as a key element of prevention and control. Recently, epidemiologic studies have provided clear evidence of the benefits of avoiding major cardiovascular risk factors 11-14 and following a healthy life- I (REPRINTED) ARCH INTERN MED/ VOL 165, APR 25, 2005 854 WWW. ARCHINTERNMED. COM Downloaded from www. rchinternmed. com on November 17, 2010  ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Table 1. Prevalence of Individual HLCs* Variable Age, y 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 Sex Male Female Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic Other Education High school High school graduate Some college College graduate Household income, $ 10 000 10 000-19 999 20 000-34 999 35 000-49 999 50 000-74 999 75 000 General health Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor Total No. of Subjects 14 853 29 617 37 423 32 266 21 713 17 933 66 806 86 999 Nonsmoking*†  69. 9 74. 73. 7 75. 7 80. 5 87. 9 74. 7 77. 3 Healthy Weight*†¡ 57. 5 44. 2 38. 5 34. 3 32. 0 34. 8 32. 3 48. 2 Fruits and Vegetable s* § 22. 0 19. 8 21. 5 23. 3 26. 5 31. 1 19. 2 27. 6 Regular LTPA* 26. 8 21. 5 20. 1 20. 9 22. 6 24. 2 22. 6 21. 8 121 664 12 584 10 831 7985 15 604 48 264 43 343 46 394 7160 17 946 36 755 26 929 23 666 23 165 36 174 53 124 43 345 15 173 5776 153 805 75. 1 77. 3 79. 5 78. 1 66. 6 69. 8 75. 5 86. 9 68. 3 68. 1 71. 2 74. 9 79. 3 85. 1 83. 8 76. 9 72. 0 69. 6 67. 1 76. 0 41. 6 31. 0 34. 5 50. 2 32. 3 37. 4 41. 3 45. 0 38. 3 37. 7 38. 9 37. 8 39. 9 43. 0 51. 6 42. 1 34. 2 28. 27. 8 40. 1 23. 1 21. 7 24. 3 27. 6 20. 1 20. 0 23. 8 27. 7 23. 3 21. 9 21. 7 21. 7 22. 7 26. 6 26. 9 22. 8 21. 8 21. 3 23. 7 23. 3 23. 2 19. 6 18. 6 23. 0 13. 6 19. 2 24. 1 27. 3 18. 3 17. 4 19. 9 22. 7 24. 8 27. 4 30. 3 23. 6 18. 2 14. 9 12. 6 22. 2 Abbreviations: HLC, health lifestyle characteristic; LTPA, leisure time physical activity. *Data are given as percentage of subjects. † Not currently smoking cigarettes. †¡A body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) between 18. 5 and 25. 0.  §Consumes fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day. Obtains 30 minutes or more of LTPA at least 5 times per week. cooperation rate of the state-specific surveys was 51. 3% (range, 33. 4%-75. 5%). All data were based on self-report. Healthy weight was defined as a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) between 18. 5 and 25. 0. 10 Food frequency questions were used to measure the consumption of fruit juice, fruit, green salad, potatoes (excluding fried products), carrots, and other vegetables, and adequate consumption was defined as eating fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day. Leisure time physical activity was based on questions regarding the frequency and duration of up to 2 activities. Regular LTPA was defined as 30 minutes or more of at least moderate-intensity physical activity 5 or more times per week. 6 We created an index of healthy lifestyle by summing the total number of HLCs for each respondent (range, 0-4), and then defined the pattern of following all 4 HLCs as a single indicator of healthy lifestyle (ie, index of healthy lifestyle = 4). We then estimated the prevalence of each individual HLC by age, sex, race, education, household income, and self-reported health status, and generated age-adjusted prevalence estimates for the indicator of healthy lifestyle by direct age standardization using the internal age distribution. 19 We chose not to report P values and limited (REPRINTED) ARCH INTERN MED/ VOL 165, APR 25, 2005 855 the reporting of confidence intervals (CIs), because the large number of observations result in even minor differences being statistically significant. To account for weighting and complex sampling design, statistical software (SUDAAN) was used. 0 RESULTS The 2000 BRFSS included 164 940 respondents aged 18 to 74 years. We excluded respondents with missing information, resulting in a working sample size of 153 805. The prevalence estimates of each HLC by the 6 demographic and health-related variables are shown in Table 1. Seventy-six percent (95% CI, 75. 6%-76. 4%) of US adults did not currently smo ke cigarettes. Nonsmoking showed strong positive trends with increasing age, education, household income, and health status. Only 40. 1% (95% CI, 39. 7-40. 5%) of adults had healthy weight, which showed a strong inverse trend with age and positive trends with education and health status. Healthy weight was more WWW. ARCHINTERNMED. COM Downloaded from www. archinternmed. com on November 17, 2010  ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Table 2. Age-Adjusted Prevalence of the Healthy Lifestyle Indicator by Subgroup* Variable Age, y 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 Sex Male Female Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic Other Education High school High school graduate Some college College graduate Household income, $ 10 000 10 000-19 999 20 000-34 999 35 000-49 999 50 000-74 999 75 000 General health Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor Total Prevalence, % 3. 2. 6 2. 5 2. 8 3. 5 4. 0 1. 9 4. 2 The age-adjusted prevalence estimates of the healthy lifestyle indicator (ie, engaging in all 4 HLCs) by the 6 demographic and health-related variables are shown in Table 2. The overall prevalence was only 3. 0%, and the absolute differences across subgroups were small, ranging from 0. 8% (in persons with less than high scho ol education) to only 5. 7% (in persons in excellent health). COMMENT 3. 3 1. 4 2. 3 4. 7 0. 8 1. 9 3. 2 5. 0 2. 2 1. 7 2. 2 2. 9 3. 4 5. 1 5. 7 3. 2 1. 8 1. 1 1. 3 3. 0 Indicator is defined as following all 4 health lifestyle characteristics: nonsmoking (not currently smoking), healthy weight (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] of 18. 5-25. 0), regular fruit and vegetable consumption ( 5 per day), and regular physical activity ( 30 minutes at least 5 times per week). Prevalence estimates for sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, and general health were age adjusted by direct standardization using the internal age distribution. ommon in women and among whites. Only 23. 3% (95% CI, 22. 9%-23. 7%) of persons consumed fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day, while regular LTPA was undertaken by only 22. 2% (95% CI, 21. 8%-22. 6%). The healthy lifestyle index was distributed as follows: 9. 4% (95% CI, 9. 1%-9. 7%) had 0 HLCs, 39. 6% (95% CI, 39. 2%-40. 0%) had 1, 34. 2% (9 5% CI, 33. 8%-34. 6%) had 2, 13. 8% (95% CI, 13. 5%-14. 1%) had 3, and only 3. 0% (95% CI, 2. 8%-3. 2%) followed all 4 HLCs (and, therefore, met the criteria for the healthy lifestyle indicator). There are 16 possible unique permutations or combinations of the 4 HLCs; however, only 2 were followed by more than 10% of the population (nonsmokers with no other HLCs made up 29. 0%, and nonsmokers with a healthy weight represented 16. 1%). The 9. 4% of subjects who did not engage in any of the 4 HLCs was the next most common group. (REPRINTED) ARCH INTERN MED/ VOL 165, APR 25, 2005 856 The results generated from this nationally representative database indicate that just 3. % of US adults followed a combination of 4 modifiable lifestyle characteristics—nonsmoking, healthy weight, adequate fruit and vegetable consumption, and regular physical activity. No subgroup engaged in all 4 healthy lifestyles to any important degree— the highest prevalence being only 5. 7%. These results illustrate the extraordinarily low prevalence of healthy lifestyles in the US adult population. While the overall prevalence of 3. 0% was extremely low, it is identical to that reported in the Nurses’ Health Study15,16 and similar to reports generated from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 1,22 The low prevalence of the healthy lifestyle indicator in our study is a function of the prevalences of the individual HLCs and how they aggregate or cluster together. While three quarters of US adults do not smoke, the prevalences of the other 3 lifestyles were quite low. Only two fifths of the population had a healthy weight, while only a quarter consumed adequate fruits and vegetables or engaged in regular LTPA. How these factors then combine together is dependent on the degree to which they are correlated. While it is commonly recognized that smoking and alcohol are associated with one another,23 the degree of association between other lifestyle characteristics is less clear. 22,24-27 If the 4 HLCs were statistically independent, the expected prevalence of the indicator would be 1. 5%, which indicates that the actual magnitude of association among these HLCs is small to nonexistent. This finding is in agreement with those of other studies that have found that while health behaviors are interrelated, the magnitude of the relationship is not large and the aggregation of factors beyond simple pairwise correlations is complex. 2,24-27 There are several potential limitations to our study. First, these data are open to the limitations inherent in self-reported data. 28 Second, the BRFSS captures information on LTPA only, which may underestimate total activity, and BRFSS estimates of daily fruit and vegetable consumption are lower than those based on more extensive food frequency questionnair es. 29 Noncoverage and nonresponse biases typical of telephone surveys may affect our estimates. Specifically, comparisons made to the US census indicate that BRFSS respondents are slightly more likely to be older, female, white, and more educated. These facts, along with declining response rates, have led to concerns about response bias. However, recent work has found that such worries may be exaggerated, because in general household population random digit–dialed surveys, response rates ranging from 30% to 70% were not associated with significant bias. 30-32 WWW. ARCHINTERNMED. COM Downloaded from www. archinternmed. com on November 17, 2010  ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. We also recognize that obesity is, in part, a consequence of dietary and physical activity behaviors. It is for this reason that some health behavior studies have not included body mass index22; however, we chose to include it because of its public health importance. Other studies15,16,22 have included moderate alcohol consumption as a healthy lifestyle factor because of its overall benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk. However, we chose not to include alcohol consumption in our index because of the difficulty in developing a clear, unified, public health recommendation on this topic. 33 Finally, it could be argued that combining all 4 HLCs into a single indicator is too extreme, because the prevalence of the indicator is unlikely to change in response to public health interventions. However, we believe that our approach offers a single figure that can serve as a useful population-level indicator of healthy lifestyle behaviors for surveillance purposes, and a measure that could be useful when counseling individual patients about healthier lifestyles. In summary, we found that only 3. 0% of US adults followed 4 common modifiable HLCs. We believe that these findings serve to illustrate the health promotion crisis in the United States, characterized by excessive caloric intake, inadequate LTPA, increasing obesity, and high rates of cigarette use. These data, along with those that illustrate the benefit of following a healthy lifestyle,15,16 support the need for comprehensive primary prevention activities to increase healthy lifestyles and to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors at the population level. 13,33,34 Accepted for Publication: January 6, 2005. Correspondence: Mathew J. Reeves, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, B601 West Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI 48823 (Reevesm@msu. edu). Previous Presentation: This study was presented at the National Cardiovascular Health Conference; April 13, 2002; Washington, DC. REFERENCES 1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349:1269-1276. 2. Brownson RC, Remington PL, Davis JR, eds. Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Control 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1998. 3. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004;291:1238-1245. 4. US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2000. 5. US Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2001. 6. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996. 7. US Department of Health and Human Services. National Cancer Institute’s 5-ADay Program. Available at: http://www. 5aday. gov. Accessed June 8, 2004. 8. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572. . Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285:2486-2497. 10. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. Bethesda, Md: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1998. 1. Yusuf HR, Giles WH, Croft JB, Anda RF, Casper ML. Impact of multiple risk factor profiles on determining cardiovascular disease risk. Prev Med. 1998;27: 1-9. 12. Stamler J, Dyer AR, Shekelle RB, Neaton J, Stamler R. Relationship of baseline major risk factors to coronary and all-cause mortality, and to longevity: findings from long-term follow-up of Chicago cohorts. Cardiology. 1993;82:191-222. 13. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD, et al. Low risk-factor profile and long-term cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and life expectancy. JAMA. 1999; 282:2012-2018. 4. Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847. 15. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Willet WC. Primary prevention of cor onary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343:16-22. 16. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet, lifestyle and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:790-797. 17. Nelson DE, Holtzman D, Waller M, et al. Objectives and design of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Paper presented at: Section on Survey Research Methods, American Statistical Association National Meeting; August 10, 1998; Dallas, Tex. 18. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: technical information and data. Available at: http://www. cdc. gov/brfss /technical_infodata/index. htm. Accessed June 8, 2004. 19. Rothman KJ. Modern Epidemiology. Boston, Mass: Little Brown Co Inc; 1986. 20. Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Bieler GS. SUDAAN Users Manual: Release 7. 5. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1997. 21. Ford ES, Ford MA, Will JC, Galuska DA, Ballew C. Achieving a healthy lifestyle among United States adults: a long way to go. Ethn Dis. 2001;11:224-231. 22. Berrigan D, Dodd K, Troiano RP, Krebs-Smith SM, Barbush RB. Patterns of health behavior in US adults. Prev Med. 2003;36:615-623. 23. Istvan J, Matarazzo JD. Tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine use: a review of their interrelationships. Psychol Bull. 1948;95:301-326. 24. Patterson RE, Haines PS, Popkin BM. Health lifestyle patterns of US adults. Prev Med. 994;23:453-460. 25. Sobal J, Revicki D, De Forge BR. Patterns of interrelationships among healthpromotion behaviors. Am J Prev Med. 1992;8:351-359. 26. Ma J, Bets NM, Hampl JS. Clustering of lifestyle behaviors: the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake. Am J Health Promot. 2000;15:107-117. 27. Johnson MF, Nichols JF, Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Hovell MF. Interrelationships between p hysical activity and other health behaviors among university women and men. Prev Med. 1998;27:536-544. 28. Nelson DE, Holtzman D, Bolen J, Stanwyck CA, Mack KA. Reliability and validity of measures from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Soz Praventivmed. 2001;46(suppl 1):S3-S42. 29. Serdula M, Coates R, Byers T, et al. Evaluation of a brief telephone questionnaire to estimate fruit and vegetable consumption in diverse study populations. Epidemiology. 1993;4:455-463. 30. Mariolis P. Response rates and accuracy of the BRFSS data. Paper presented at: Nineteenth Annual BRFSS Conference; March 13, 2002; Atlanta, Ga. 31. Curtin R, Presser S, Singer E. The effects of response rate changes on the Index of Consumer Sentiment. Public Opin Q. 2000;64:413-428. 32. Keeter S, Miller C, Kohut A, Groves RM, Presser S. Consequences of reducing nonresponse in a national telephone survey. Public Opin Q. 2000;64:125-148. 33. Labarthe DR. Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers Inc; 1998. 34. Rose G. The Strategy of Preventive Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1992. (REPRINTED) ARCH INTERN MED/ VOL 165, APR 25, 2005 857 WWW. ARCHINTERNMED. COM Downloaded from www. archinternmed. com on November 17, 2010  ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. How to cite Healthy Lifestyle, Papers Healthy Lifestyle Free Essays Healthy Lifestyle In a perfect world we would all be  eating the right food,  exercising, sleeping well  and just generally enjoying life. In the real world most of us manage a percentage of the  healthy lifestyle  and muddle through as best we can with the rest of it. Part of the problem is we are encouraged to think, mostly by the media, that we should be doing everything possible towards a healthy lifestyle, all of the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now For most of us this is just not possible. Constant concern about what we should or shouldn’t be doing causes our stress levels to go up and that negates any good work that we’ve done. Yes, we should certainly try for a healthy lifestyle, but the two key words are â€Å"moderation† and â€Å"balance†. By applying these criteria to achieving a healthy lifestyle we won’t be beating ourselves up for failing another diet or dropping out of the latest exercise regime. A common mistake that many people make when they decide to adopt a healthy lifestyle is to try to do too much too soon. They then give themselves a guilt complex when it all falls apart. It is also easy to be influenced by others, when we should only be adopting a healthy lifestyle plan to suit ourselves. Ah! Did I say lifestyle plan? Do you have one, or do you just try the next thing that is in your magazine or Sunday supplement? By all means read these articles and take them into account as you  plan how you want your healthy lifestyle to take shape. Leading a healthy lifestyle doesn’t mean you have got to run a mile before breakfast, eat seeds and think pure thoughts. Great if that’s what you want, but for most of us â€Å"healthy† means being in reasonable shape, eating our fruit and vegetables and generally having a feeling of vitality. Decide on your definition of a healthy lifestyle, and then plan a strategy that works for you. As part of my health plan I decided I wanted to walk in the mornings before breakfast, but there was no way I wanted to get up at the crack of dawn to do it. So I planned a ten minute circuit that includes a short flight of steps and a not too steep incline. I power walked that route every day and felt really good. Sure l wouldn’t make the City to Surf marathon, but I compromised and made it work for me. Today, much is made of organic foods, but the reality is that organic food is generally more expensive and well out of the range for most budgets. Yes organic is probably the best option, but it doesn’t mean that if you’re not eating all organic you are not eating right. If you’re concerned about general produce, be a bit discerning when you shop. Look for fruit and vegetables that are fresh and unblemished. You should also buy product brands that you can trust. If you shop wisely, you can have a well-balanced healthy diet that won’t break the bank. Basically living a healthy life means looking at your lifestyle as a whole, it is not just about diet and exercise. It is not always necessary to make major changes. Most people know their weak spots, and are happy if they can make a few changes that show results. A friend of mine was drinking several cans of soft drink a day. She was feeling tired and generally under the weather. When I read an article about the health risk of soft drink I copied it and gave it to her, whereupon she decided to give up the soft drink there and then. A week later she got back to me and said she couldn’t believe the difference, her energy levels were up and she was feeling great. Just that one change was able to make a difference and she feels good about the healthy choice. Sleep and leisure time play a big part in a healthy lifestyle,   and for the most part people underestimate the value of good sleep. Our bodies aren’t designed to operate at peak performance twenty four hours a day. Anyone in industry knows that machines that have to work continuously need a lot of maintenance. When we are sleeping our body is healing and regenerating itself and we should wake up feeling refreshed and revitalized. We can go without sleep for extended periods, but we can’t do it indefinitely. The amount of sleep an individual needs varies a great deal, and there is no such thing as the right time to sleep. Obviously most people sleep at night, but if you are one of those folk that comes alive in the small hours, you might need to catch up with your sleep during the day. A big part of healthy living is being comfortable with yourself. Don’t be pressured into trying to attain a certain look, or push yourself down a career path you are not suited to. Constant worry about what you are doing will only have the opposite effect on your health. Don’t get paranoid about your  diet,  about what toothpaste you should use or about expensive exercise equipment you need to buy. Allow a common sense approach to dictate when you are making lifestyle choices, and remember, there is nothing wrong with compromise if it means your healthy lifestyle plan will work for you. Article source : http://www. wellbeing-information. com/article-healthy-lifestyle. html How to cite Healthy Lifestyle, Papers Healthy Lifestyle Free Essays A healthy diet is one that helps maintain or improve health. It is important for the prevention of many chronic illnesses and other health risks such as: †¢ obesity †¢ heart disease †¢ diabetes †¢ cancer etc A healthy diet involves consuming appropriate amounts of all nutrients, and an adequate amount of water. Nutrients can be obtained from many different foods, so there are a wide variety of diets that may be considered healthy diets. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a number of diets and recommendations by numerous medical and governmental institutions that are designed to promote certain aspects of health. However the most recommended diet is a BALANCED DIET. This diet is even indorsed and recommended by the World Health Organization A balanced diet is a diet that includes appropriate amount of nutrients especially the five major food groups. These five major food groups have been designed and put on a food pyramid to make it easier to understand. It is made up of †¢ carbohydrates †¢ vitamins and minerals †¢ proteins †¢ sugars and fats †¢ water The problem with eating unhealthy foods is  it makes you crave even more junk food. A  handful of chips usually leave you wanting more. Once you break the cycle of unhealthy eating, it’s easier to maintain good eating habits which lead to weight loss. Junk food includes foods such as hamburgers, hot dogs, ice cream, cake, hot chips and pizza etc Unhealthy food not only makes one prone to more illnesses, but they can slow down a child’s development. Smoking and regular drinking are also unhealthy. Smoking can cause lung and respiratory diseases, loss of memory as well as skin, nail and teeth damage. Drinking on the other hand can cause serious cases of liver damage, blurred vision and one can even become dependent on this substance. I advise you stay away from any drinking and smoking. So, next time when someone offers you a smoke or a drink, rather take a glass of clean and fresh water! Stay safe! 1. Not smoking 2. Healthy weight 3. Eating healthy – minimum 5 vegetables and fruit per day 4. Exercising 30 minutes, 5 times per week 5. Sleeping for at least eight hours The following five countries participated in the global Youth Tobacco Survey: Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe (Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group 2002). The survey showed a significant number of youths age 13 to 15 smoked cigarettes; many more used other tobacco products. Upper Body Flexibility Exercises Stretch #1 Shoulder Chest This can be performed kneeling or standing. Clasp hands behind back and straighten arms. Raise hands as high as possible and bend forward from the waist and hold. Stretch #2 Arm Across Chest Place one arm straight across chest. place hand on elbow and pull arm towards chest and hold. Repeat with other arm. Stretch #3 Triceps Stretch Place one hand behind back with elbow in air. Place other hand on elbow and gently pull towards head. Hold and repeat with other arm. [pic] Lower Body Flexibility Exercises Stretch #4 Glute Stretch Sitting on floor with right leg bent, place right foot over left leg. Place left arm over right leg so elbow can be used to push right knee. Hold and repeat for other side. Stretch #5 Adductor Stretch Stand with feet as wide apart as is comfortable. Shift weight to one side as knee bends. Reach towards extended foot and hold. Repeat for other side. Stretch #6 Single Leg Hamstring Place leg out straight and bend the other so your foot is flat into your thigh. Bend forward from the waist keeping your back flat. Hold and repeat with the other leg. Stretch #7 Standing Quadriceps Standing on one leg grab the bottom of one leg (just above ankle). Pull heel into buttocks and push the hips out. Your thigh should be perpendicular to the ground. Hold and repeat with the other leg. Stretch #8 Standing Calf Place feet in front of each other about 18 inches apart. Keep back leg straight and heel on the floor. Push against a wall to increase the stretch. Hold and repeat with other leg. How to cite Healthy Lifestyle, Papers Healthy Lifestyle Free Essays Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I am XXX. Thank you for giving me the chance to share my knowledge with everyone. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am here today to deliver a speech about ‘healthy lifestyle’. There are three point which I want to discuss to all of u are about the important of having a healthy lifestyle, ways to live healthy and benefit of having a healthy lifestyle. Why healthy lifestyle are so important to us? This is because it can help us to avoid the disease and illness such as hypertension and cancer. Having a healthy lifestyle also makes the life become more enjoyable and the most important thing is a way to keep our body in good condition in order to accomplish day-to-day tasks. When you having a healthy lifestyle in your future, it will make all of us have a healthy body and mind. It is also very important to have a healthy lifestyle because it will save your life in the future. By living a healthy lifestyle you will be fit and you able to do things that you have never done before. In addition, there are several ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle that is exercise, eating healthy and reduce stress. Exercise regularly is very important because through exercise can boosting the metabolism in our body. It also can help us burn off the exceed calories in body and increase the mobility in our muscle and joints. Next, eating healthy is also a very important way. Eating healthy does not mean eating expensive food with little waste. We should choose to eat the food that contain minimal amount of unhealthy fats. We must also choose to eat a variety of different whole foods instead of eating processes foods. Last but not the least, healthy lifestyle can bring us lots of benefit that we cannot expected. Managing your weight is the key to attaining all of the health benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle. A weight reduction of just 10 percent will significantly reduce risk of heart disease and other obesity-related illnesses. The other benefits are reduced tension and stress, Enhanced self-image and improved physical function. A healthy lifestyle can also greatly increase a person’s longevity. That is all of my speech. I hoped that all of u here can more understand about how to live a healthy lifestyle. Thank you for paying attention to me. Thank you. How to cite Healthy Lifestyle, Essay examples